Monday, September 10, 2007

Split Ends

Split ends, the annoying culprit of every man or women’s long locks! When the protective cuticle gets stripped away from the ends of hair fibers, you end up with the ever so popular split ends. Typically, this problem develops to dry or brittle hair and is usually caused from too much time under the blow dryer as well as forceful brushing.

It is impossible to naturally replace the damaged cuticle. When the hair splits, it usually splits into multiple strands and in some cases can be quite long in length. Since this damaged hair can’t be replaced, the only obvious solution would be to cut off the damaged split end.

I know what you’re thinking, now I have to go to the salon every week to maintain my healthy hair, nonsense! You can do-it-yourself. Were talking about trimming up the bad ends, not a full haircut. Just to freshen things up a bit. For those that are skeptical about taking a pair of scissors to your hair, by all means, leave it to the pros. For the rest, below you’ll find a few tips when it comes to removing your split ends.

Removing split ends…

• Gently brush your hair, try to get out any tangles you may have. (Make sure it is completely dry first).
• Separate your hair into small sections.
• With each small section, gently twist the hair in a downward motion.
• You will notice that any split ends you may have will automatically stick out.
• With sharp scissors, carefully snip into the twist where the split ends are sticking out. Just cut into the thickness to remove the damaged cuticles, which will give you a natural layered effect.
• Continue the same procedure with the remaining sections.
• Remember to always take you time and cut the same amount from each section.

The professional hair stylists across the globe are amazing at what they do, but that doesn’t mean you can’t have faith in your own abilities to maintain your naturally beautiful hair.

Friday, August 10, 2007

Updo Basics

A classic updo is that one hairstyle that no matter what kind of event you are attending, you will never go wrong; it’s a classic.

While you yourself can create the updo in the comfort of your home, we strongly recommend having your hair stylist work their magic. Since an updo is generally worn to special events, you’ll most likely have plenty of photos to remember the occasion and you want your hair looking right. If for whatever reason going to your hair stylists is not an option, then make sure to practice creating the updo several times before your big day.

The ideal updo hair would be at least medium in length, straight and thick. Not to worry for those of us who don’t fall under this category, there are always tricks of the trade that will save the day. Us curly or wavy haired people could simply use a straightening iron to prepare for the creation. Since the updo is much easier to create with longer thick hair, those with short thin hair can easily use some add-on strands that will give you that longer thicker look.

*Remember, when dealing with an updo make sure any hair ties or pins are always the same color as your hair.

Below are the basic steps to the classic updo…

• First you’ll need a good mousse and a paddle brush. It’s best to start with natural oils in your hair or unwashed, day old hair. Apply a normal amount of styling mousse, and then with the paddle brush, smoothly brush your hair back behind your ears.
• Loosely put your hair into a ponytail, using a non-abrasive elastic hair band. Leave some hair on both sides of your face so later you’ll be able to finish it off with soft ringlets.
• Take a section of hair below the ponytail and pull it upwards. Use a hair or bobby pin to secure a tiny loop halfway between the base and the end of the ponytail. Pin at the base of the scalp. Leave a couple inches of loose hair out of the loop. Take that bit of hair and twist it once or twice. Make another loop and pin it.
• After creating your first loop, repeat the same procedure with the remaining ponytail in a clockwise direction. Don’t be afraid of trying different size loops or simply stay with the same size.
• Your head should now be completely covered with loops with the original ponytail still in place. Now you can create a bun with the ponytail and pin it to the scalp.
• With the pieces of hair remaining around your face, you can use a curling iron to create some soft ringlets to complement the loops in the back.
• Now you should finish it off with a good hair spray to hold all your hard work in place.

The classic updo is a hair style that never goes out of style. From a prom to your wedding day, an updo will always be a showstopper.

Tuesday, July 17, 2007

Hair vs. Summer Humidity

Let’s face it your hairs worst enemy is the summer humidity!
Put away that flat iron that makes your hair just hang there.
The latest hair trends are all about natural bouncing curls, with a little texture thrown in for good measure. They are easy to manage in this summers’ humidity.
For those of you that just have to have your hair off the face, you’re in luck. This summers’ hair trends are also rocking the classic ponytail and the ever so popular hair braids.
With the fashion trends being set on the runways around the world, here are some of the back stage hair tips you can easily do at home…

• Wash and condition your hair with products designed for curly hair.
• Run a curl definition cream through your, preferably, wet or dry hair. This will help achieve the textured look.
• For braids, try a deep side part and braid the two sections in the front, secure with a tie of your choice.
• You can choose to leave the back loose or curl it up with a curling iron.
• Finger combing! That messy beach look will work for lunch to a night out on the town.
• Finish it off with a curl reviving spray to keep those long lasting curls.

Remember, summer is a time for fun and relaxation. So don’t let the summer humidity get in the way. Especially when all of the hottest hair trends are rocking styles that humidity can’t touch!


Saturday, July 14, 2007

Hair Shows 2007

Hair shows are a great place for those who want to stay in the "know" when it comes to the latest hair trends. With the summer heat amongst us, attending hair shows to see what the hottest hair stylists are doing is a key ingredient when it comes to keeping your own hair salon a step above the rest. Below is a list of some of the "must see" hair shows of 2007...

Cosmoprof North America
July 15-17
Mandalay Bay Convention Center
Las Vegas, NV

Contact Professional Beauty Association
15825 N. 71st St., Ste. 100
Scottsdale, AZ 85254

800.557.3356
www.cosmoprofnorthamerica.com


Expo Latino
July-22-23
Long Beach Convention Center
Long Beach, CA
562.802.7471
Contact Juan Dior info@expolatino.com
www.expolatino.com

Bronner Brothers International Hair Show
August 11-13
World Congress Center
Atlanta, GA
www.bronnerbros.com

Premiere Birmingham
September 30-October 1
Birmingham Jefferson Convention Center
Birmingham, AL

Contact Premiere Show Group
1049 Willa Springs Dr., Ste. 1001
Willa Springs, FL 32708

800.335.7469
www.premiereshows.com


Global Beauty Exhibition and Conference
October 6-8
Jacob Javits Convention Center
New York, NY

Contact Global Beauty Show
P.O. Box 17473
West Haven, CT 06516
203.484.4334
www.globalbeautyshow.com


Mid-American Beauty Classic
October 14-15
Greater Columbus Convention Center
Columbus, OH

Contact Premiere Show Group
1049 Willa Springs Dr., Ste. 1001
Willa Springs, FL 32708

800.335.7469
www.premiereshows.com


Color America (Americas Beauty Show)(Chicago Midwest Beauty Show)
October20-22
Donald E. Stephens Conference Center
5555 River Road
Rosemont, IL

Texas Beauty Show
October 28-29
Dallas Convention Center
Dallas, TX

Contact Steve Farrer
P.O. Box 341300
Austin, TX 78734

512.415.8300
www.texasbeautyshow.com


BIG Bonner International Gold
November 18-19
Long Beach, CA
West Coast premiere ethnic beauty and fashion show
www.bigtradeshow.com

Friday, June 1, 2007

Fuzzy Frizzy Hair

First let’s look at what causes fuzzy frizzy hair. The most obvious is, blow-drying your hair. If you need to use a blow dryer, try and keep it to a minimum. “Inexpensive” hair care products will make any hair frizzy. You’ve heard the term, “you get what you pay for”. Chemical damage and/or chlorine, are also major cause of fuzzy frizzy hair.

If you are blessed with naturally curly hair, then unfortunately, you know about"fuzzy frizzy hair". A simple solution would be to use hair pomade. There are oils in the ingredients that will help manage fuzzy frizzy hair. Apply some pomade in your hand with a bit of water, then lightly finger it through your hair. Make sure not to get it directly on your scalp to avoid that “greasy” look. Pomades come in different consistencies, so experiment with a few until you find what works best for you.

Chemical damage is a reality of perms and colors. This kind a damaged hair may give the appearance of frizz. A deep conditioning treatment with colors or perms is recommended. Make sure the conditioner is not oil-based. You can also try a gel or pomade.

You might have hair that is coarse (which is different from thick). If this is the case, then chances are it’s dry and frizzy. A hot iron will do the trick. For the curls, use a curling iron, for straight hair use a straight iron. Think of your hair as clothes, when they’re ironed they become smooth and shiny.

Try and rinse with the coldest water you can stand. The cold water "locks down" the hair cuticle and makes hair appear slicker, less frizzy.

Blow-dry carefully, it is worth it. Using a big round brush will allow you to smooth your hair as you dry. Always blow-dry in a downward motion. Avoid just “running” the blow dryer all of the hair, as this will cause the cuticle to frizz and split. Work on one section at a time.

Shampooing your hair on a daily basis is known to cause your hair to frizz. Try and hold yourself to twice a week. You may still apply a conditioner on a daily basis.
Depending on how dry your hair is, you may wish to use a leave in conditioner. If you have fine or thin hair, keep in mind using a leave in conditioner may weigh your hair down.

From Straight To Curly

To go from straight to curly, there are a number of techniques you can use to achieve the look you’re after. The most obvious solution would be to go to a professional hair salon and get your hair professionally permed. Remember this is a permanent solution and might not be what you’re looking for. You can easily do it yourself in the comfort of your own home. The result can be just as good and will last until you wash it out.

To go from straight to curly, make sure you start with your hair clean and damp. You will want to apply a meager amount of a top quality mouse or gel. You may also consider a curl-creating styling product. There are many different ways you can go from here depending on the desired effect you are looking for.

The shaggy looking curl is very popular these days. For this look, blow-dry your hair with your head upside down, while crimping it up in the palm of your hand. Once completely dry, finish it off by applying a subtle amount of hair spray.

To attain a more gentle curl, good old fashion rollers are the answer. Blow-dry you hair leaving it slightly damp, then separate the hair and roll each section onto the roller and secure. There are various size rollers you may use; depending on the size of the curl you are looking for. Smaller rollers will offer a tighter curl.
A general rule would be to use smaller rollers in the front around your face and bigger ones in the back. Try and keep the area in the front slightly tighter as this tends to be the first to lose its curl. Let the hair dry naturally with the rollers still in place. If desired, you may blow-dry on low but be careful not to blow out the curls. Remember, blow-drying your hair can create a more frizzy effect, so if possible, let your hair dry naturally in the rollers. After completely dried, remove rollers and apply a bit of hair shining product or lightweight wax. At this point, you may either separate the curls with your fingers to create many more, or simply leave the curls that the rollers have formed. A holding spray is suggested to assure the curls to not come undone.

Dry-Itchy-Scalp

Below you will find a few tips on how to prevent and treat dry-itchy- scalp. If you find yourself scratching at your head for over a week, either contact your stylist or see a dermatologist.

Your shampoo is the first place to look. We all tend to rely on our favorite one to do the trick. However, as your hair changes, so should your shampoo. If you have taken proper care of your hair and it’s healthy and shiny, then a light-shampoo is right for you. If you have coloring in your hair, try a color seal shampoo. All of the leading hair care companies carry some sort of moisturizing shampoo, which is a good preventative treatment to dry-itchy- scalp. Using a moisturizing conditioner will also help keep you from dry-itchy-scalp and is a necessity if you blow-dry your hair often.

A major cause of dry-itchy-scalp is the excessive use of hair sprays or styling products. They may cause some build up on your scalp. Check the label of your shampoo to make sure it’s a cleaning or cleansing shampoo. These are perfect for getting rid of build-up and keeping your hair clean. The reason for using these kinds of shampoos to rid of all the build-up, is so that your conditioner can get to your scalp. Since your scalp is where the dry, itchiness comes from.
Avoid using a cleansing shampoo if you have just colored your hair, as this will definitely speed up the fading processes. Unless that’s what you want. If you do have a fresh color in your hair, then a moisturizing shampoo is best.

It is important to remember that our scalp is just like the rest of the skin on our bodies. It is recommended that you shampoo at least two to three times a week, depending on your daily activities. Thorough scrubbing of your scalp with your fingertips will loosen the oils and debris as well as prevent dry-itchy- scalp.

Dry Damaged Hair

There are many things that may cause dry damaged hair.
Believe it or not, it’s your daily routine that could be what's drying up and damaging your hair.

A few of the obvious culprits…

• Heat (irons, blow drying, curlers, heat lamps, etc.)
• U.V. Rays (Sun, lights, tanning beds)
• Mechanical Devices (combs, brushes, curling irons, etc.)
• Chemicals (color, perms, relaxers, pool chemicals, etc.)
• Poor Diet (specifically-lack of proteins and essential fatty acids).

Prevention…

There are a number of things one can do to help prevent dry damaged hair.

• Use a “Thermal Protector” when apply heat to the hair.
• Avoid completely blow-drying your hair. Leave a little bit of moisture in.
• Stick with conditioners that include U.V. protectors in their ingredients.
• Use a wide toothed comb, never a brush, on wet or damp hair.
• When brushing dry hair, always start at the ends and work your way up.
• Thoroughly wash your hair with a clarifying shampoo and conditioner after a swim.
• If you do have to blow-dry your hair, try not to keep it at the hottest setting. Medium to cool setting is safer.
• Avoid perms and coloring, as well as relaxers. These treatments cause dry damaged hair. However, if you must color or perm your hair, discuss your options with your stylist. Try to use a low ammonia-low peroxide color. Do not leave the neutralizer on too long with perms. Maybe they can use a mild solution. Oh yeah, try and keep it to a minimum, your hair will thank you.
• Eat healthy! Besides for the obvious reasons, protein enriched foods such as, chicken, fish, and nuts, are great for healthy hair too.

Solutions for Dry Damaged Hair…

It's never too late to start. Stimulating dry damaged hair and restoring it to a more healthy state, is not going to happen over night.
Assistance from your stylist and an optimistic attitude is what’s going to bring your hair back to life!

• Hair supplements will give your hair the vitamins it needs to heal.
• In most cases, if you have dry damaged hair, you need to visit your stylist for a cut. Getting trims on a routinely basis is the best way to rid you of damaged hair. For long hair, cut the ends every 2-3 weeks to remove and prevent split ends.
• Shampoo and Conditioner. A mild shampoo and conditioner is best when your hair is damaged. Ingredients like Vitamin B5, protein extracts, such as, collagen and amino acids are known to diffuse hair and improve moisture.
• Avoid anything that may heat up your hair when it is already damaged. However the reality is, it’s hard to do. So, if you must, use a diffuser. Stay on the lowest setting possible as well. If you need to curl your hair, avoid hot rollers. A curling iron is better for dry damaged hair.
• Gently brush your hair. Brushes should have widely spaced bristles to prevent dry damaged hair. Use a brush with bristles that are smooth, ball-tipped, coarse and bendable.
• Use acidifiers. They close the cuticle down and lock in moisture.
• Use a low pH shampoo to keep the moisture in.
• Deep protein conditioning helps in adding strength to the hair shaft.

In today’s fast paced world, it is impossible to avoid the use of damaging treatments and harsh chemicals in your hair. With the right consistent care and treatments, you can keep your hair happy, healthy and shiny.

Dandruff Control

Dandruff, it’s not the end of the world. It’s a scalp disease that can definitely be cured. It is known that some forms of dandruff may cause sever itching. As much as we want to scratch with our nails, don’t, this may cause further bacterial infection and may lead to more serious problems.

A gentle head massage is very effective at dislodging the dandruff flakes. Using hot oils to massage the scalp will help in this regard. A proven home remedy would be to apply heated pure coconut oil or olive oil to the scalp. Leave the oils in your hair overnight, washing them out the next morning.

Herbal treatments have proved to be very effective in controlling the infection of dandruff. Not to worry, these kinds of herbs are harmless to your beautiful hair.

It has been proven that using a natural product such as Henna, helps to manage dandruff. It is known to condition, restore and help hair growth. As there are different qualities of Henna, be sure and choose wisely.

After an episode, make sure to thoroughly clean everything that comes in contact with your hair. Towels, combs, hair and pillowcases will hold the bacteria; so don’t take any chances of re-infection. You should soak any brushes or combs in warm water and a bit of antiseptic lotion. After cleaning your hair, apply an anti dandruff lotion which contains the extracts of mint, Alma and other natural ingredients.

African American Hair Care

Hair Care Basics…

African American hair grows from the roots, and out of the opening. You should picture your hair as a collection of fine fibers. The slightest neglect, will make it difficult for you to take care of your hair. You should treat it as gently as possible.

The African American hairs are essentially made of keratin, a protein made up of amino acids, which needs to be nourished from the inside- out.
The hair will also tend to be dryer and more prone to breakage than Caucasian hair. This is due to its structure that makes it more difficult for the oils to work their way down from the scalp to the ends of the hair. Relaxers are an essential part of African American hair care, unfortunately, they weakened the hair and decrease the capability for the scalp to naturally oil itself.

Since African American hair is kinky, it tends to tangle much more than other hair types. These tangles may cause breakage if not handled properly. A simple rule to follow is to always gently comb from the bottom upwards and never aggressively attack the tangles, as this will guarantee your hair to break.

Using the right hair products is crucial. There are plenty of quality high-end African American hair care products to choose from. Try and avoid just going to your local convenience store and grabbing anything off the shelf. Your stylist should be able to suggest which brand will work for you.


A few suggestions at managing your hair…

• Excessively combing your hair will certainly lead to breakage.
• When braiding your hair, avoid pulling it so tight.
• Hair straighteners and hot combs work wonders when used in moderation.

• Use hair oil to moisturize your curls.
• Trim your hair every 4-6 weeks.
• Shampoo no more than 1-2 times a week, as washing your hair will dry it out. Always apply a moisturizing cream after washing your hair.

• By wearing either a satin or silk scarf to sleep, you will help prevent hair from tangling, drying or frizzing, as well as reducing the chance of breakage.

• Always use a leave-in conditioner after washing your hair.
• Comb your hair out while you're conditioning it. This will help to relieve the pain and remove the tangles while it's wet.

• Shea butter is an excellent way to oil your scalp on a daily basis.
• Do a deep conditioner or hot oil treatment once a month.
• Avoid heat on your hair as much as possible. Heat, together with perms and relaxers are very damaging to hair.

• Always remember to wait until your hair is completely dry before you apply any relaxers.

Wednesday, May 30, 2007

Curly Curls

Whether you are one of the lucky ones to be born with natural curls or just want that bouncy curl feeling, you will be able to utilize a variety of techniques to achieve the curly hairstyle you are looking for. For those of you that were blessed with natural curls, the right products and styling tools can effortlessly transform your frizz hair to sleek ringlets.

Those of us without natural curls don't have to resort to harsh chemical perms or treatments to achieve the essence of rich beautiful curls.

Curls and waves can be created naturally without chemicals, on any type, texture or condition of hair. Most stylists suggest that if your hair has been colored or chemically treated, you should avoid the use of hair perms, as they may cause potential damage to your hair.

An affective way to convert tight natural ringlets into soft wavy curls is to complete the following steps:

  • Use a moisturizing shampoo considered for your hair's current type and condition.

  • Apply a rinse out conditioner suggested for your hair's type, and condition. Remember that if the hair is too soft, curls may not hold their shape as long as desired. One solution would be to only spot condition your hair.

  • A suggestion, which no one enjoys, is to rinse with cold water to close cuticles and add natural shine.

  • Use a leading de-frizzer, leave-in conditioner and styling mousse to protect hair against frizz. These products will contribute extra conditioning and help create those beautiful curls.

  • If applicable, separate long bangs from rest of hair. Apply a straightening gel to the bang and top of the hairline.

  • Use a brush and a blow dryer with a concentrator. Dry the hair in a downward motion, from roots to ends, to get the hair straight with extra shine.

  • Attach a long finger diffuser to your blow dryer and isolate remaining hair into 2" sections. Set the dryer to a medium heat, use the fingers of the diffuser to lift and amplify the natural curls.

  • Dry completely. Use a curling iron to define the curls as desired. Finish with a combination of a shine spray and hairspray to add shine and hold.

Fine Thin Hair

The Facts…

The hair on your body is similar to your skin, meaning there are layers sitting on one another. The top layer is made up of dead cells lying on top of each other. Think of this layer as a shield for the rest of your hair. This protects the middle layer, which makes up the bulk of the hair. It’s also where the color is held and where it determines whether you have straight, curly or wavy hair. The innermost layer, is where the answer lies. What determines the hairs thickness is a small indentation on the scalp from which hair grows. In turn, the thicker the groove is the thicker your hair is and vice versa. People with thin hair have about 90,000 strands on their heads.

The Solution…

The most common complaint with thin hair is, of course, limpness. To help avoid this problem without weighing the hair down, try styling products that build volume. Believe it or not, adding color will give your hair a fuller look.

Another starting point would be your shampoo and conditioner. It’s advised to begin with a volumizing shampoo. Followed by a conditioner that promotes thicker looking hair. By using a leave-In conditioning treatment, you will add body, strength & thickness to your locks. Using a blow dryer to dry your hair will add volume, but can damage it if used excessively. Once dry, another trick would be to use hot rollers in your hair for a couple of minutes for additional volume. To put your finishing touches, apply a volumizing hair spray to set your, now, thicker looking hair.

Long Hair Care

Long hair is undoubtedly an amazing feature when well cared for. It is also undeniably an eye sore when neglected. There is a big misconception when it comes to growing your hair long. Some think the way to gain length is to not cut your hair. This couldn’t be further from the truth. The longer hair goes without a trim, the higher chance you will have in developing split ends and worn strands. To support further growth, get the ends trimmed every 6-8 weeks to remove the damaged hair.

With many hair accessories available in today’s market, try and stay clear of the ones with rough or sharp edges, as they may cause your hair to break. Also, wet hair is quite fragile and may break if brushed or styled. So, if possible, dry hair before putting your finishing touches on it.

What is one of the most common complaints when it comes to long hair? Tangles! What a painful reality of long hair. By using a detangling conditioner and a brush with coated tips, you may be able to prevent this unfortunate occurrence.

As we have no control over the harsh weather we may face, a smart solution would be to use a simple braid or pony tail to avoid further tangles.

In the unlucky event you are faced with tangled hair, start from the bottom and work your way up. A wide-bristled brush or comb usually works best. Be gentle and take your time, making sure not to break or cause the ends to split. For those impossible knots, apply a conditioner to the area and let set for a few minutes. That should do the trick.

Choosing the right products is a critical factor in healthy hair growth. The proper shampoos, conditioners, and treatments are what you should pay close attention to. Many of the leading hair companies offer high end products that are very dependable. Keep in mind, the quality found in hair care products sold in your local convenience store opposed to those sold in a professional salon, are greatly different.

It’s apparent that longer hair is more susceptible to breaking and splitting; due to its length and distance from healthy natural oils coming from the scalp. In turn, creating a frizzy, unpleasant appearance. To strengthen hair and help prevent damage, look for a smoothing product or an anti-breakage treatment.

The sun has harmful rays that can damage your hair. So try and stick with products that include SPF protection in its ingredients.

Try and run a brush through your hair daily to help distribute natural oils and preserve the hair’s soft, silky texture.

Maintaining long beautiful hair isn’t as complicated as it may seem. It just takes consistent dedication to keep your tresses looking it’s best. The appropriate hair care products, together with a steady routine of maintenance, will certainly keep your long hair happy and healthy.

What Hair Color Is Right For You

Finding the right hair color for you is easier than you think.
A smart rule to follow is to use colors that are flattering to your skin tone. Determine whether you're better off with a full color or just highlights. The last decision you’ll need to make would be to go at it alone or have one of the pro’s do it.
Below you’ll find some tips only the pros know.

• Choosing What Color Will Work

Your skin tone will help determine which color to use. Light color skin usually works with most hair colors. Skin with a pinkish tone, should stay clear from reds or golden blonde. A suggestion would be to use light brown tones. For those with olive skin, consider utilizing dark colors. You may also think about using shades of red or brown lowlights to give it that certain something.

• Color or Highlight

Color would be the way to go if you have short hair.
For longer hair, using highlights will brighten up your skin tone. Don’t forget about root growth. About every 4-6 weeks you’ll need to touch up the coloring. As for highlights, you have a bit longer, usually 2-3 months.

• The 4 Types of Highlights.

1. Basic foil highlights,
2. Bialiage or “Hair Painting”
3. Chunking or “Piecing”
4. Low lighting

• Be Brave, Do it Yourself

Lately, the leading hair care companies are manufacturing some high quality over the counter coloring kits. These are ideal for the women on the go, as well as those of us who are on a tight budget but still want that professional quality coloring.

• Home Coloring Tips

Applying Vaseline is a smart way to avoid staining your skin
Make sure to always wear gloves.
Wrap an old dark-colored towel around your neck.
If any color happens to get into your eyes, immediately rinse with water.
Accidents happen, so if you do stain your skin with color, don’t panic, an alcohol-based toner will save the day.

• Bad Decision With the Color?

If you colored your own hair, you can use a body building shampoo. This will speed up the fading process.
If you got it done by one of the pros, they will have many options to alter the color for you.

• Life After Coloring

Freshen up your color with a color-enhancing shampoo & conditioner, at least once a week.